feat(scala): m07 io and m08 stream with tests

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>

scala/solutions/Stream.scala

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+package snake
+
+/** Something that happens to the program: time passing (ms since start) or a key going down or up. */
+enum Event:
+  case Time(t: Long)
+  case KeyDown(key: String)
+  case KeyUp(key: String)
+
+/**
+ * m08 stream: an event stream is a pure automaton (a Mealy machine).
+ * There is no hidden state: whatever a stream "remembers" lives in the next stream it returns.
+ */
+final case class Stream[A](step: Event => (List[A], Stream[A])):
+
+  // Each combinator steps this stream and wraps the *next* stream in the same combinator.
+  def map[B](f: A => B): Stream[B] =
+    Stream { e =>
+      val (out, next) = step(e)
+      (out.map(f), next.map(f))
+    }
+
+  def filter(p: A => Boolean): Stream[A] =
+    Stream { e =>
+      val (out, next) = step(e)
+      (out.filter(p), next.filter(p))
+    }
+
+  def filterMap[B](f: A => Option[B]): Stream[B] =
+    Stream { e =>
+      val (out, next) = step(e)
+      (out.flatMap(f), next.filterMap(f))
+    }
+
+  def merge(other: Stream[A]): Stream[A] =
+    Stream { e =>
+      val (outA, nextA) = step(e)
+      val (outB, nextB) = other.step(e)
+      (outA ++ outB, nextA.merge(nextB))
+    }
+
+  // The accumulator travels in the argument of the next scan, not in a variable.
+  // scanLeft keeps z as its first element; drop it, we only emit new accumulators.
+  def scan[B](z: B)(f: (B, A) => B): Stream[B] =
+    Stream { e =>
+      val (out, next) = step(e)
+      val accs = out.scanLeft(z)(f).tail
+      (accs, next.scan(accs.lastOption.getOrElse(z))(f))
+    }
+
+  // Only the first step is special; afterwards we are just `next`.
+  def startWith(v: A): Stream[A] =
+    Stream { e =>
+      val (out, next) = step(e)
+      (v :: out, next)
+    }
+
+  def run(events: List[Event]): List[A] =
+    events
+      .foldLeft((List.empty[A], this)) { case ((outs, stream), e) =>
+        val (out, next) = stream.step(e)
+        (outs ++ out, next)
+      }
+      ._1
+
+object Stream:
+
+  // Sources may return themselves as the next stream, since they remember nothing.
+  lazy val keyDowns: Stream[String] = Stream {
+    case Event.KeyDown(key) => (List(key), keyDowns)
+    case _                  => (Nil, keyDowns)
+  }
+
+  lazy val keyUps: Stream[String] = Stream {
+    case Event.KeyUp(key) => (List(key), keyUps)
+    case _                => (Nil, keyUps)
+  }
+
+  // `last` is the time of the previous Time event. Multiples of ms in (last, t] fire, ascending.
+  private def intervalFrom(ms: Long, last: Long): Stream[Long] = Stream {
+    case Event.Time(t) => ((last / ms + 1 to t / ms).map(_ * ms).toList, intervalFrom(ms, t))
+    case _             => (Nil, intervalFrom(ms, last))
+  }
+
+  def interval(ms: Long): Stream[Long] = intervalFrom(ms, 0)