feat: replacement effects in Module 4 (Armor absorption, Bolf Ramshield redirect)

Applying a Damage to one target now runs DAMAGE_STEPS = [redirect, armor]
first. A damageRedirect aura (Bolf Ramshield, fetched from the wiki) sends
damage meant for its owner's hero to the oldest such minion; Armor absorbs
damage to a hero before Health, logged as the new ArmorLost{player, amount}
just before a full-amount Damaged. Four new Module 4 tests; propagated to the
references of Modules 4-10 in both tracks; card schema, catalog, card JSON,
harness.md, Lessons 2, 4 and 5 updated.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

course/06-parser/reference/ts/src/engine/aura.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-// Auras, and the one routine that applies trigger multipliers.
+// Auras, the one routine that applies trigger multipliers, and the lookup for
+// damage redirects.
 //
 // An aura is data on a card: a continuous effect its minion has while in play.
 // The engine never asks "is that card on the board?" in the middle of resolving
@@ -12,17 +13,26 @@
 // Summoning a minion also runs an Aura Update.
 
 import type { TriggerOn } from "./card";
-import type { PlayerId, World } from "./world";
+import type { EntityId, PlayerId, World } from "./world";
 
 /** Aura Update (Other): replace the snapshot with the auras of every minion now in play. */
 export function auraUpdateOther(world: World): void {
   world.setActiveAuras(
     world.minionsInPlay().flatMap((id) =>
-      world.card(world.cardName(id)).auras.map((aura) => ({ owner: world.ownerOf(id), aura })),
+      world.card(world.cardName(id)).auras.map((aura) => ({ owner: world.ownerOf(id), source: id, aura })),
     ),
   );
 }
 
+/**
+ * The minion that takes damage meant for `player`'s hero, if a redirect is in force:
+ * the oldest (order of play) of `player`'s minions with a `damageRedirect` aura in the
+ * snapshot. The snapshot lists minions oldest first, so that is the first one found.
+ */
+export function redirectFor(world: World, player: PlayerId): EntityId | undefined {
+  return world.activeAuras().find((a) => a.aura.type === "damageRedirect" && a.owner === player)?.source;
+}
+
 /**
  * How many times a trigger listening for `on`, on a minion `owner` controls, activates
  * when it resolves. Reads the snapshot from the last Aura Update. With no multiplier in
@@ -32,9 +42,10 @@ export function auraUpdateOther(world: World): void {
 export function activations(world: World, owner: PlayerId, on: TriggerOn): number {
   let max = 1;
   let extra = 0;
-  for (const active of world.activeAuras()) {
-    const { trigger, times, stacking } = active.aura;
-    if (active.owner !== owner || trigger !== on) continue;
+  for (const { owner: auraOwner, aura } of world.activeAuras()) {
+    if (aura.type !== "triggerMultiplier") continue;
+    const { trigger, times, stacking } = aura;
+    if (auraOwner !== owner || trigger !== on) continue;
     if (stacking === "max") max = Math.max(max, times);
     else extra += times - 1;
   }

course/06-parser/reference/ts/src/engine/card.ts

@@ -36,8 +36,13 @@ export function triggerLabel(on: TriggerOn): string {
  * the aura owner's owner, activate `times` times each. `stacking` says how several
  * multipliers for the same trigger combine: `"max"` takes the largest (two copies of
  * a doubler still double); `"additive"` adds each copy's extra activations.
+ *
+ * `damageRedirect`: damage that would be dealt to the aura owner's hero is dealt to
+ * the aura's minion instead (see `DAMAGE_STEPS` in `queue.ts`).
  */
-export type Aura = { type: "triggerMultiplier"; trigger: TriggerOn; times: number; stacking: "max" | "additive" };
+export type Aura =
+  | { type: "triggerMultiplier"; trigger: TriggerOn; times: number; stacking: "max" | "additive" }
+  | { type: "damageRedirect"; from: "friendlyHero"; to: "self" };
 
 /** Who an effect touches. */
 export type Target = "self" | "allMinions" | "allOtherMinions" | "allOtherCharacters" | "enemyHero" | "chosen";

course/06-parser/reference/ts/src/engine/event.ts

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ export type Event =
   | { type: "Drew"; player: PlayerId; id: EntityId }
   | { type: "Fatigue"; player: PlayerId }
   | { type: "ArmorGained"; player: PlayerId; amount: number }
+  /** Armor absorbed `amount` of a Damage to `player`'s hero. The `Damaged` that follows shows the full amount. */
+  | { type: "ArmorLost"; player: PlayerId; amount: number }
   | { type: "StatsChanged"; id: EntityId; attack: number; health: number }
   | { type: "SpellCast"; card: string }
   /**

course/06-parser/reference/ts/src/engine/index.ts

@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@
 //
 // Module 4: auras as card data, Aura Updates at defined points, and one
 // routine that decides how many times a queued trigger activates. Playing a
-// minion from hand, and Battlecries.
+// minion from hand, and Battlecries. A second interceptor, replacement: the
+// steps that rewrite a Damage before it lands (a redirect, then Armor).
 //
 // Module 5: behaviour as data. Cards are definitions in the course's card format,
 // loaded from JSON; one interpreter turns their effects into actions. Assemble
@@ -39,5 +40,5 @@ export {
   type TriggerOn,
 } from "./card";
 export type { Event } from "./event";
-export { Ctx, runSequence, summon, type Action } from "./queue";
+export { Ctx, DAMAGE_STEPS, runSequence, summon, type Action, type DamageStep } from "./queue";
 export { HERO_HEALTH, World, type Chooser, type EntityId, type PlayerId, type Zone } from "./world";

course/06-parser/reference/ts/src/engine/queue.ts

@@ -13,12 +13,16 @@
 // decided by one routine, `activations` in `aura.ts`, from aura data on cards.
 // Nothing here knows which cards multiply which triggers.
 //
+// Module 4, second interceptor: replacement. Before a Damage changes the world,
+// the steps in `DAMAGE_STEPS` may rewrite it, in that order: a redirect changes
+// who takes it, then Armor takes what it can of damage to a hero.
+//
 // Module 5: a card's effects are data. Each one is interpreted (`effect.ts`) and
 // its actions performed before the next effect of the same ability is read, so
 // "Assemble a minion. Give all minions in your hand +2/+2." buffs the new minion.
 
 import { assembleFromPool } from "./assemble";
-import { activations, auraUpdateOther } from "./aura";
+import { activations, auraUpdateOther, redirectFor } from "./aura";
 import type { Effect, PoolFilter, Trigger, TriggerOn } from "./card";
 import { deathCreationStep } from "./death";
 import { actions } from "./effect";
@@ -44,6 +48,21 @@ export type Action =
   /** Give one entity +attack/+health. */
   | { type: "buff"; id: EntityId; attack: number; health: number };
 
+/**
+ * A step that may rewrite one Damage to one target before the world changes:
+ * - `"redirect"`: damage to a hero whose owner has a `damageRedirect` aura in force
+ *   goes to that aura's minion instead (the oldest one's, if several);
+ * - `"armor"`: damage to a hero lowers its owner's Armor first, then Health.
+ */
+export type DamageStep = "redirect" | "armor";
+
+/**
+ * The order the steps run in. Each runs once per Damage, so a rewritten Damage is
+ * never offered to a redirect again. A redirect comes first: Armor protects only
+ * the hero that actually takes the damage.
+ */
+export const DAMAGE_STEPS: readonly DamageStep[] = ["redirect", "armor"];
+
 /** What an effect may look at when it runs. */
 export class Ctx {
   constructor(
@@ -111,10 +130,7 @@ function perform(world: World, action: Action): void {
       // Area damage: every Damage Event is created, in order of play, before any reaction.
       const targets = [...action.targets].sort((a, b) => world.orderOfPlay(a)! - world.orderOfPlay(b)!);
       const events: Event[] = [];
-      for (const target of targets) {
-        world.damage(target, action.amount);
-        events.push({ type: "Damaged", target, amount: action.amount });
-      }
+      for (const target of targets) events.push(applyDamage(world, target, action.amount));
       react(world, events);
       break;
     }
@@ -170,6 +186,31 @@ function runEffects(world: World, effects: Effect[], ctx: Ctx): void {
   }
 }
 
+/**
+ * Deal one Damage to one target, after the steps of `DAMAGE_STEPS` have rewritten it.
+ * Returns its Damage Event, which names whoever took it.
+ */
+function applyDamage(world: World, target: EntityId, amount: number): Event {
+  let taker = target;
+  let absorbed = 0;
+  for (const step of DAMAGE_STEPS) {
+    switch (step) {
+      case "redirect":
+        if (world.isHero(taker)) taker = redirectFor(world, world.ownerOf(taker)) ?? taker;
+        break;
+      case "armor":
+        if (world.isHero(taker)) {
+          const player = world.ownerOf(taker);
+          absorbed = Math.min(world.armor(player), amount);
+          if (absorbed > 0) world.loseArmor(player, absorbed);
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+  world.damage(taker, amount, absorbed);
+  return { type: "Damaged", target: taker, amount };
+}
+
 /** A Phase: queue every trigger that responds to `events`, then resolve them one by one. */
 function react(world: World, events: Event[]): void {
   // Fill the Queue: for each event (already in order of play), each listener in order of play.

course/06-parser/reference/ts/src/engine/world.ts

@@ -25,9 +25,10 @@ interface Entity {
   pendingDestroy: boolean;
 }
 
-/** An aura in force: which player's minion has it. */
+/** An aura in force: which minion has it, and that minion's owner. */
 export interface ActiveAura {
   owner: PlayerId;
+  source: EntityId;
   aura: Aura;
 }
 
@@ -271,11 +272,21 @@ export class World {
     this.depths = [];
   }
 
-  damage(target: EntityId, amount: number): void {
-    this.entity(target).health -= amount;
+  /**
+   * `target` takes `amount` damage, of which `absorbed` was already taken by Armor
+   * (see `loseArmor`): Health drops by the rest. The event shows the full amount.
+   */
+  damage(target: EntityId, amount: number, absorbed = 0): void {
+    this.entity(target).health -= amount - absorbed;
     this.record({ type: "Damaged", target, amount });
   }
 
+  /** `player`'s hero's Armor absorbs `amount` damage. */
+  loseArmor(player: PlayerId, amount: number): void {
+    this.sides[player].armor -= amount;
+    this.record({ type: "ArmorLost", player, amount });
+  }
+
   /**
    * Draw the top card of `player`'s deck (the first in the list). An empty deck
    * records `Fatigue` and changes nothing else.