systemic-game-design-course/course/12-combat/reference/rust/src/cli.rs

//! SpellGrid on the command line: `cargo run --bin spellgrid -- levels/l1-double-tap.json`.
//!
//! A thin loop over the harness: it draws the level, reads a command, and calls
//! `step`, `cast` or `play`. No rules live here. After a command that ran Part I
//! Sequences, it prints their events under `Log:` as an indented tree.
//!
//! ```text
//! w a s d          one turn: up, left, down, right
//! c <card> [x y]   cast a spell from your hand (at the minion on (x, y), if given),
//!                  or play a minion from your hand onto the empty tile (x, y)
//! q                quit
//! ```
//!
//! Assemble's choices (Graft) are asked for one at a time: answer with a number or a name.

use std::cell::RefCell;
use std::io::{BufRead, Write};
use std::rc::Rc;

use crate::harness::{new_spell_grid, Dir, LevelDef, SpellGrid};

/// How a game ended.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum Outcome {
    Won,
    Lost,
    Quit,
}

/// The player's input and the screen, shared with the chooser.
struct Io {
    input: Box<dyn BufRead>,
    output: Box<dyn Write>,
}

impl Io {
    fn read_line(&mut self) -> Option<String> {
        let mut line = String::new();
        match self.input.read_line(&mut line) {
            Ok(0) | Err(_) => None,
            Ok(_) => Some(line.trim_end_matches(['\n', '\r']).to_string()),
        }
    }

    fn write(&mut self, s: &str) {
        let _ = self.output.write_all(s.as_bytes());
        let _ = self.output.flush();
    }
}

/// One cell of the drawing: the newest object on the tile, as 3 letters; TEXT in capitals.
fn cell(g: &SpellGrid, x: i32, y: i32) -> String {
    let kinds = g.kinds_at(x, y);
    // `kinds_at` is sorted; prefer text, which is what the player reads.
    let Some(kind) = kinds
        .iter()
        .find(|k| k.starts_with("text:"))
        .or(kinds.first())
    else {
        return " . ".to_string();
    };
    let name = match kind.strip_prefix("text:") {
        Some(word) => word.to_uppercase(),
        None => kind.to_lowercase(),
    };
    format!("{:<3}", name.chars().take(3).collect::<String>())
}

/// The level as text: the grid, the rules, the minions and the hand.
pub fn render(g: &SpellGrid, level: &LevelDef) -> String {
    let mut lines = Vec::new();
    for y in 0..level.height {
        let row: Vec<String> = (0..level.width).map(|x| cell(g, x, y)).collect();
        lines.push(row.join(" "));
    }
    lines.push(format!("Rules: {}", g.active_rules().join(", ")));
    let mut minions = Vec::new();
    for y in 0..level.height {
        for x in 0..level.width {
            if let Some(id) = g.minion_at(x, y) {
                let (name, health) = (g.name_of(id), g.health(id));
                minions.push(format!("{name} ({x},{y}) {health} Health"));
            }
        }
    }
    let or = |list: Vec<String>, separator: &str, none: &str| {
        if list.is_empty() {
            none.to_string()
        } else {
            list.join(separator)
        }
    };
    lines.push(format!("Minions: {}", or(minions, "; ", "none")));
    lines.push(format!("Hand: {}", or(g.hand(), ", ", "empty")));
    lines.join("\n")
}

/// A coordinate, or a chooser's number: one to nine digits, nothing else (no sign, no point).
fn number(word: &str) -> Option<i32> {
    let digits = (1..=9).contains(&word.len()) && word.bytes().all(|b| b.is_ascii_digit());
    digits.then(|| word.parse().expect("nine digits fit an i32"))
}

/// A `c` command: `c <card words...> [x y]`.
fn parse_cast(args: &[&str]) -> (String, Option<(i32, i32)>) {
    let n = args.len();
    if n >= 3 {
        if let (Some(x), Some(y)) = (number(args[n - 2]), number(args[n - 1])) {
            return (args[..n - 2].join(" "), Some((x, y)));
        }
    }
    (args.join(" "), None)
}

/// Play `level_text` (a level in the course's format), reading commands from `input`
/// and writing to `output`.
pub fn run(level_text: &str, input: Box<dyn BufRead>, output: Box<dyn Write>) -> Outcome {
    let level: LevelDef =
        serde_json::from_str(level_text).expect("a level in the course's level format");
    let mut g = new_spell_grid(level.clone(), vec![]);
    let io = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Io { input, output }));
    let chooser_io = Rc::clone(&io);
    g.set_chooser(move |kind, options| {
        let mut io = chooser_io.borrow_mut();
        let listed: Vec<String> = options
            .iter()
            .enumerate()
            .map(|(i, o)| format!("  {}) {o}", i + 1))
            .collect();
        io.write(&format!(
            "Choose the {kind} (a number or a name):\n{}\n? ",
            listed.join("\n")
        ));
        let answer = io.read_line().unwrap_or_default().trim().to_string();
        if options.contains(&answer) {
            return answer;
        }
        let picked = number(&answer)
            .and_then(|n| usize::try_from(n - 1).ok())
            .and_then(|i| options.get(i));
        picked.unwrap_or(&options[0]).clone()
    });
    play(&mut g, &level, &io)
}

/// Draw, read a command, do it; until the level is won or lost, or the player quits.
fn play(g: &mut SpellGrid, level: &LevelDef, io: &Rc<RefCell<Io>>) -> Outcome {
    loop {
        io.borrow_mut().write(&format!("{}\n", render(g, level)));
        if g.won() {
            io.borrow_mut().write("You win!\n");
            return Outcome::Won;
        }
        if g.lost() {
            io.borrow_mut().write("Nothing is YOU. You lose.\n");
            return Outcome::Lost;
        }
        io.borrow_mut().write("> ");
        let Some(line) = io.borrow_mut().read_line() else {
            return Outcome::Quit;
        };
        let words: Vec<&str> = line.split_whitespace().collect();
        // The log holds only what this command does.
        g.clear_log();
        let dir = match words.first() {
            Some(&"q") => return Outcome::Quit,
            Some(&"w") => Some(Dir::Up),
            Some(&"a") => Some(Dir::Left),
            Some(&"s") => Some(Dir::Down),
            Some(&"d") => Some(Dir::Right),
            _ => None,
        };
        // The harness panics on a move the rules don't allow (a card not in the hand, a
        // full tile). The CLI asks first, and reports the reason instead.
        let done = match (dir, words.as_slice()) {
            (Some(dir), _) => Ok(g.step(dir)),
            (None, ["c", args @ ..]) if !args.is_empty() => match parse_cast(args) {
                (card, None) => g.check_cast(&card, None).map(|()| g.cast(&card, None)),
                (card, Some((x, y))) => match g.minion_at(x, y) {
                    Some(target) => g
                        .check_cast(&card, Some(target))
                        .map(|()| g.cast(&card, Some(target))),
                    None => g.check_play(&card, x, y).map(|()| {
                        g.play(&card, x, y);
                    }),
                },
            },
            _ => {
                Err("Commands: w a s d (move), c <card> [x y] (cast or play), q (quit)".to_string())
            }
        };
        if let Err(message) = done {
            io.borrow_mut().write(&format!("{message}\n"));
        }
        let tree = g.log_tree();
        if !tree.is_empty() {
            io.borrow_mut().write(&format!("Log:\n{tree}"));
        }
    }
}