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JavaScript

// m02 model: the data the whole game is built from. Plain objects, never mutated.
/** @typedef {{x: number, y: number}} Point */
/** @typedef {'Up'|'Down'|'Left'|'Right'} Direction */
/** @typedef {'Playing'|'Paused'|'GameOver'|'Won'} Status */
/** @typedef {{width: number, height: number, snake: Point[], dir: Direction, nextDir: Direction,
* apple: Point|null, seed: number, score: number, status: Status, frame: number}} GameState */
/** A grid cell. */
export const point = (x, y) => ({ x, y })
/** Structural equality: same x and same y. */
export const pointEquals = (a, b) => a.x === b.x && a.y === b.y
const deltas = {
Up: point(0, -1),
Down: point(0, 1),
Left: point(-1, 0),
Right: point(1, 0),
}
/** The unit step for a direction (y grows downward). */
export const delta = (dir) => deltas[dir]
const opposites = { Up: 'Down', Down: 'Up', Left: 'Right', Right: 'Left' }
/** The direction pointing the other way. */
export const opposite = (dir) => opposites[dir]
/** Everything that can happen to the game, as data. `Turn` is a function because it carries a direction. */
export const Action = {
Tick: { tag: 'Tick' },
Turn: (dir) => ({ tag: 'Turn', dir }),
TogglePause: { tag: 'TogglePause' },
Restart: { tag: 'Restart' },
Frame: { tag: 'Frame' },
}
/** A fresh 20x20 game: 3-segment snake heading Right, no apple yet. */
export const initialState = (seed) => ({
width: 20,
height: 20,
snake: [point(10, 10), point(9, 10), point(8, 10)],
dir: 'Right',
nextDir: 'Right',
apple: null,
seed,
score: 0,
status: 'Playing',
frame: 0,
})